Heart Wellness
Find explanations for everyday questions about the heart, tests, and care. Each article is translated from an Indonesian edition reviewed by a Heartology doctor.
Latest · Cardiovascular Therapy
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) combines two antiplatelet medications, usually aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor, to reduce blood clot formation. It is…
Read This Article
Explore reading
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) combines two antiplatelet medications, usually aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor, to reduce blood clot formation. It is…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), October 22, 2026Read Article
Aspirin is a medication containing acetylsalicylic acid, commonly used to relieve pain and reduce fever. At low doses, aspirin also inhibits platelet…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Adrianus Kosasih, Sp.JP(K), October 20, 2026Read Article
If you experience symptoms of a possible heart attack while alone, immediately call Indonesia's medical emergency number, 119, or 112 if you are in…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Jajang Sinardja, Sp.JP(K)Read Article
Five warning signs of a heart attack include chest pain or pressure, pain spreading to the arm or jaw, shortness of breath, cold sweats with nausea…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Adrianus Kosasih, Sp.JP(K)Read Article
SGOT (AST) is an enzyme found in the liver, muscles, heart, and other body tissues. An SGOT blood test helps doctors assess possible cellular injury…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Khaira U. Yusrie, Sp.PD-KGEHRead ArticleSGPT is an older term for ALT, an enzyme found mainly in the liver. An elevated SGPT value indicates that further evaluation is needed, but it does…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Khaira U. Yusrie, Sp.PD-KGEHRead ArticleCardiac FFR, or Fractional Flow Reserve, is a pressure-based test that helps assess whether a narrowing in a coronary artery truly restricts blood…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), October 6, 2026Read ArticleThe Tilt Table Test is a test that helps doctors assess changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and symptoms as the body moves from lying down to an…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), October 2, 2026Read ArticleAn irregular heartbeat can feel like pounding, a heartbeat that is too fast or too strong, or a beat that seems to be skipped. This symptom does not…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Faris Basalamah, Sp.JP(K), September 30, 2026Read ArticleHeart-healthy eating emphasizes a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruit, high-fiber carbohydrate sources, fish, plant-based protein, and…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Juweni Joe, Sp.GK, September 29, 2026Read ArticleThere is no single list of fruits to avoid that applies to every person with heart disease. Most fruits can still be eaten, but portion size…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Juweni Joe, Sp.GK, September 25, 2026Read ArticleA heart second opinion can help patients understand the diagnosis, the reasons behind a recommended procedure, treatment options, benefits, risks…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), September 21, 2026Read ArticleValidating a heart diagnosis helps patients and families understand whether the diagnosis, test results, severity, urgency, benefits, risks, and…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Emanoel Oepangat, Sp.JP(K), September 23, 2026Read ArticleThe family's role in a heart second opinion includes helping the patient prepare information, draw up questions, accompany them to consultations…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Adrianus Kosasih, Sp.JP(K), September 16, 2026Read ArticleMedical documents for a heart second opinion help the doctor understand the diagnosis, tests, therapy, and procedures the patient has already had…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), September 15, 2026Read ArticleA heart second opinion for parents may be considered when the diagnosis, urgency, benefits, risks, or treatment options are still unclear. A second…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), September 9, 2026Read ArticlePreparing for a heart second opinion includes gathering the medical summary, relevant test results, a list of medications, procedure history, a…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. BRM Ario S. Kuncoro, Sp.JP(K), September 10, 2026Read ArticleA heart second opinion is a medical opinion from another doctor that helps review a diagnosis, test results, or treatment plan that has already been…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Suko Adiarto, Sp.JP(K), Ph.D., September 7, 2026Read ArticleHeart treatment options should be understood based on the diagnosis, test results, treatment goals, level of urgency, benefits, risks, and relevant…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Siska S. Danny, Sp.JP(K), September 4, 2026Read ArticleChoosing the right heart treatment starts with understanding the diagnosis, the goal of the procedure, the urgency, benefits, risks, alternatives…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Emanoel Oepangat, Sp.JP(K), September 1, 2026Read ArticlePatients who are unsure about a heart disease diagnosis can ask for further explanation of the basis of the diagnosis, the level of urgency, and the…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), August 28, 2026Read ArticleA second opinion after cardiac ablation may be considered when symptoms keep recurring, test results are not yet understood, there are differences in…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sunu B. Raharjo, Sp.JP(K), Ph.D., August 19, 2026Read ArticleA second opinion after a heart stent may be considered when the patient's condition is stable but symptoms persist or come back, test results are not…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Adrianus Kosasih, Sp.JP(K), August 18, 2026Read ArticleNot every symptom after heart surgery requires a second opinion. Patients who are already stable may consider a second medical opinion if their…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Dudy A. Hanafy, Sp.BTKV, Subsp. JD(K), MARS, August 14, 2026Read ArticleHeart treatment abroad may be considered when a patient needs certain expertise, facilities, or evaluations. However, the decision should start with…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), August 12, 2026Read ArticleIf cardiologists' recommendations differ, patients and families should first understand the differences in diagnosis, test results, treatment goals…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Dicky A. Hanafy, Sp.JP(K), August 11, 2026Read ArticleAn unclear heart disease diagnosis does not always mean that the diagnosis is wrong. This can happen because information is incomplete, test results…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Jajang Sinardja, Sp.JP(K), August 10, 2026Read ArticleA second opinion for a cardiovascular procedure is worth considering when the patient or family does not yet understand the reason for the procedure…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), August 6, 2026Read ArticleA second opinion from a cardiologist may be considered when the diagnosis is unclear, there are several treatment options, doctors' recommendations…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Faris Basalamah, Sp.JP(K), August 5, 2026Read ArticleA cardiac second opinion helps patients and families understand the diagnosis, level of urgency, benefits, risks, and treatment options before making…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Jajang Sinardja, Sp.JP(K), August 3, 2026Read ArticleWhen medical check-up results show many numbers, working out which ones are relevant can feel confusing. This apolipoprotein B (ApoB) guide explains…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), July 31, 2026Read ArticleLipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a cholesterol-carrying particle whose level is mainly determined by genetic factors. High levels can add to the risk of…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), July 29, 2026Read ArticleeGFR is an estimate of how well the kidneys filter blood, usually calculated from the creatinine level, age, and sex. The result helps assess kidney…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Faris Basalamah, Sp.JP(K), July 28, 2026Read ArticleMedical check-up results are a summary of your health condition from various tests, such as blood tests, blood pressure, organ function, ECG, and…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), July 23, 2026Read ArticleA chest X-ray is a noninvasive imaging test that uses X-rays to assess the lungs, heart silhouette, airways, large blood vessels, bones, and…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. BRM Ario S. Kuncoro, Sp.JP(K), July 21, 2026Read ArticleCardiac MRI is a noninvasive imaging test that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to assess the structure, function, blood flow, and tissue…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Dafsah A. Juzar, Sp.JP(K), July 20, 2026Read ArticleA heart transplant is surgery to replace a heart that can no longer pump blood adequately with a healthy donor heart. This procedure is considered…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Dudy A. Hanafy, Sp.BTKV, Subsp. JD(K), MARS, July 15, 2026Read ArticleCardioversion is a medical procedure that helps restore certain heart rhythms that are too fast or irregular to a more organized rhythm. It can be…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sunu B. Raharjo, Sp.JP(K), Ph.D., July 14, 2026Read ArticleStatins are a group of prescription medications that help lower LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Jajang Sinardja, Sp.JP(K), July 13, 2026Read ArticleChronic gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining that lasts a long time or keeps coming back, often felt as chronic stomach trouble (known in…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Khaira U. Yusrie, Sp.PD-KGEH, July 9, 2026Read ArticleHerpes zoster (shingles) is a condition caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. It can cause a…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, July 7, 2026Read ArticleUlcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that mainly affects the large intestine and rectum. It can cause bloody diarrhea…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, July 6, 2026Read ArticleScleroderma is an autoimmune disease that can cause the skin to tighten and thicken. In the systemic type, the condition can involve the blood…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, July 3, 2026Read ArticlePeriodontitis is a chronic gum disease caused by inflammation and infection of the tissues that support the teeth. It can cause bleeding gums, bad…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, July 2, 2026Read ArticleGERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is a condition in which stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus and causes complaints such as a burning…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, June 29, 2026Read ArticleSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Its symptoms can affect…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, June 29, 2026Read ArticleRheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation, often marked by pain, morning stiffness, swelling, and tiring…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, June 9, 2026Read ArticleAutoimmune disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Its symptoms can be vague, such as tiring easily, joint…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, June 23, 2026Read ArticleBuerger's disease is a disorder involving inflammation and blockage of small to medium-sized blood vessels that is often linked to tobacco use. The…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Emanoel Oepangat, Sp.JP(K), June 26, 2026Read ArticleKawasaki disease is inflammation of the blood vessels in children that can appear with a fever lasting more than five days, red eyes, a rash, cracked…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Radityo Prakoso, Sp.JP(K), June 25, 2026Read ArticleCrohn's disease is a chronic inflammation of the bowel that can cause prolonged diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody stools, weight loss, and fatigue…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, June 24, 2026Read ArticleVasculitis is inflammation of the blood vessels that can disrupt blood flow and trigger different symptoms, from a rash, fever, and pain to organ…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Emanoel Oepangat, Sp.JP(K), June 23, 2026Read ArticleHemochromatosis is a condition in which the body absorbs or stores excess iron, causing iron to build up in organs such as the liver, pancreas…
Read ArticleSarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that forms granulomas in organs such as the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, eyes, and heart. Some cases may improve…
Read ArticleAmyloidosis is a rare condition in which an abnormal protein called amyloid builds up in the body's tissues or organs. When it builds up in the…
Read ArticleSepsis is a medical emergency in which the body's response to an infection becomes excessive and disrupts organ function. Warning signs include rapid…
Read ArticleSleep apnea is a breathing disorder during sleep in which airflow repeatedly decreases or stops temporarily. Symptoms may include loud snoring…
Read ArticleA long-lasting cough with phlegm and tiring quickly during activity may be signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially when…
Read ArticleHigh uric acid occurs when the body produces too much uric acid or the kidneys are less effective at removing it. This condition is often found…
Read ArticleAtrial flutter is a heart rhythm disorder in which the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat too fast in a pattern that tends to be regular…
Read ArticlePrimary hypertension often causes no symptoms, so your blood pressure needs to be measured regularly even when you feel healthy. See a doctor if your…
Read ArticleFurther evaluation to look for secondary hypertension should be considered when high blood pressure appears at a young age, especially before 40…
Read ArticleLegs that feel heavy, achy, or swollen around the ankles in the afternoon, especially after standing or sitting for a long time and improving when…
Read ArticleBeta blockers are prescription medications that slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure. Doctors may prescribe them for hypertension, angina…
Read ArticleHeart valve surgery is generally considered when a valve has narrowing (stenosis) or leakage (regurgitation) severe enough to disrupt blood flow and…
Read ArticleBalloon angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure to open heart arteries that are narrowed or blocked by plaque. The doctor inserts a…
Read ArticleA leaky heart valve (regurgitation) can range from mild to severe. Mild leaks often cause no symptoms and only need regular monitoring, while severe…
Read ArticleNoonan syndrome is a congenital genetic disorder that affects growth, facial features, and often the heart, for example pulmonary valve stenosis or…
Read ArticleFrequent shortness of breath, especially during light activity, may be one sign of pulmonary hypertension, which is increased blood pressure in the…
Read ArticleEisenmenger syndrome is a late complication of a congenital heart defect, such as an ASD, VSD, or PDA, that was not treated early. The pressure in…
Read ArticleBrugada syndrome is a disorder of the heart's electrical system, often genetic, that can trigger dangerous ventricular arrhythmias even when the…
Read ArticleBroken heart syndrome (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy) is a sudden and temporary weakening of the heart muscle caused by a surge of stress hormones after…
Read ArticleChronic kidney disease is a gradual decline in kidney function that lasts more than three months. In the early stages it often causes no symptoms…
Read ArticleIdeal body weight is generally calculated using the body mass index (BMI): body weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m). A BMI of 18.5 to…
Read ArticleA mild heart attack is a lay term for a myocardial infarction with more limited damage to the heart muscle, but it is still a medical emergency. Its…
Read ArticleA healthy heart is marked by a regular resting heart rate, generally 60 to 100 beats per minute in adults, blood pressure of around 120/80 mmHg…
Read ArticleCoarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect in which part of the aorta, the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest…
Read ArticleBentall surgery is open-heart surgery that replaces the aortic root and the aortic valve at the same time with an artificial graft that already has a…
Read ArticleVaricose vein sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure in which a sclerosant is injected into a widened vein so that the vein closes and is…
Read ArticleA Cath Lab (catheterization laboratory) is a procedure room with real-time X-ray imaging where the doctor inserts a thin catheter through a blood…
Read ArticleHow to get rid of varicose veins in the legs depends on how severe they are. In the early stages, regular exercise, leg elevation, weight management…
Read ArticleBlood thinners are medications that inhibit the formation of blood clots. They include anticoagulants such as warfarin and DOACs, as well as…
Read ArticleCoronary angiography is performed when a doctor suspects narrowing of the heart's blood vessels, for example in cases of typical chest pain, abnormal…
Read ArticleLeft back pain most often comes from the muscles, joints, or spine and usually improves with rest. However, this pain can also be referred pain from…
Read ArticleWhen someone is suspected of having ventricular fibrillation, meaning they suddenly collapse, are unresponsive, and are not breathing normally, call…
Read ArticleVentricular tachycardia is a heart rhythm disorder in which the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) beat very fast because of abnormal…
Read ArticleAn ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) is a small device implanted under the skin of the chest to monitor the heart rhythm continuously. If…
Read ArticleBlood fats is a term for the cholesterol and triglycerides circulating in the blood. Levels that are too high, especially LDL and triglycerides, can…
Read ArticleUnsaturated fat is a type of fat that is generally liquid at room temperature and is found in many vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, avocados, and fish…
Read ArticleSaturated fat is a type of fat that is generally solid at room temperature and is found in many fatty meats, chicken skin, butter, cheese, coconut…
Read ArticleTrans fat is fat whose chemical structure has changed, mainly as a result of the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils in the food industry. This…
Read ArticlePrevention is better than treatment because heart disease generally develops slowly and often without symptoms in its early stages. By maintaining a…
Read ArticleYes, egg yolk contains cholesterol, about 185 to 200 mg in one large chicken egg, and almost all of it is in the yolk. However, dietary cholesterol…
Read ArticleModern cardiac diagnostic technology is a set of examinations that help doctors assess the structure, function, and blood flow of the heart in…
Read ArticleIn men, heart disease more often appears with classic symptoms, such as heavy or pressing chest pain that spreads to the left arm, neck, or jaw. In…
Read ArticleAn early heart checkup is important because heart disease often develops slowly without symptoms, so it is frequently only noticed once the condition…
Read ArticleSome commonly believed heart disease myths are that the disease only affects older people, that thin people are always safe, that no chest pain means…
Read ArticleSome medical heart terms that patients often hear include ECG (a recording of the heart's electrical activity), echocardiography (an ultrasound to…
Read ArticleBefore your first heart consultation, prepare notes on your complaints (what they are, when they started, how often they occur, and what triggers…
Read ArticleEven with a busy schedule, you can care for your heart through small, consistent habits: moving between work hours, for example taking a short walk…
Read ArticleThe early signs of heart problems are not always chest pain. Commonly overlooked complaints include getting tired easily for no clear reason…
Read ArticleHeart health needs attention early because many heart diseases develop slowly without clear symptoms. Early detection helps identify risk factors…
Read ArticleCholesterol is a natural fatty substance the body needs to form cells, hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids. Its main types are LDL, which can build…
Read ArticleTriglycerides are a type of fat in the blood that serves as the body's energy reserve. Normal levels are below 150 mg/dL, 150 to 199 mg/dL is…
Read ArticleThe safe way to lower high blood sugar is through gradual steps: managing your diet with complex carbohydrates, fiber, and protein, staying…
Read ArticleHigh blood pressure can be lowered gradually by limiting salt and processed foods, eating more vegetables and fruit, staying physically active…
Read ArticleCholesterol can be lowered naturally by eating more soluble fiber from vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and legumes, choosing unsaturated fats…
Read ArticleTriglycerides can be lowered by limiting added sugar, sweet drinks, and refined carbohydrates, eating more fiber, fatty fish, and complex…
Read ArticleA cardiac treadmill test is a non-invasive test that records your heart rate, the heart's electrical rhythm (ECG), and blood pressure while you walk…
Read ArticleA heart calcium score is a CT scan without contrast dye that measures the amount of calcium in the walls of the coronary arteries. The score reflects…
Read ArticleAn enlarged heart, or cardiomegaly, is a condition in which the heart is larger than normal because the heart muscle has thickened or its chambers…
Read ArticleStaying healthy after 40 focuses on small, consistent habits: eating a balanced diet with plenty of vegetables, fruit, and fiber; cutting back on…
Read ArticleHeart disease without symptoms can be detected through tests chosen according to your risk factors. Cardiac CT scans and the coronary calcium score…
Read ArticleGetting quality sleep starts with a consistent sleep and wake schedule, a dark, cool, and quiet bedroom, and staying away from devices for about an…
Read ArticleManaging stress can start with simple steps done consistently: the 4-7-8 breathing technique or diaphragmatic breathing, brief mindfulness…
Read ArticleThe way to lose weight for heart health is to do it gradually: create a mild calorie deficit of about 300 to 500 calories per day, choose foods high…
Read ArticleQuitting smoking starts with a clear plan: set a quit date, recognize your triggers, and prepare strategies for dealing with cravings such as…
Read ArticleGeneral reference numbers for adults: normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, LDL below 100 mg/dL (lower if your risk is high), triglycerides…
Read ArticleExercises that are good for the heart include brisk walking, light jogging, cycling, swimming, heart-healthy group exercise (senam jantung sehat)…
Read ArticleA heart-healthy menu prioritizes leafy greens, fatty fish, berries or local fruits, nuts, whole grains, tempeh, avocado, and olive oil. Limit…
Read ArticleKeeping your heart healthy starts with small, consistent habits: eating a balanced diet that is high in fiber and low in salt and saturated fat…
Read ArticleSmoking damages almost every organ in the body. Cigarette smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide…
Read ArticleCRP (C-Reactive Protein) is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation. The standard CRP test helps doctors detect and monitor…
Read ArticleThe erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that measures how quickly red blood cells settle to the bottom of a tube in one hour. Normal…
Read ArticleVape aerosol is not just water vapor; it contains nicotine, heavy metals, and carbonyl compounds. The main dangers include lung damage such as…
Read Articlehs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein) is a blood test that measures C-reactive protein levels with high sensitivity to detect low-grade…
Read ArticleHigh urea means that the level of the waste product from protein breakdown in the blood is above the normal range. The cause can be temporary, such…
Read ArticleCreatinine is a waste product formed by muscle activity and removed through the kidneys, so its level is used to assess kidney function. The normal…
Read ArticleHypoglycemia is a condition in which the blood sugar level drops below 70 mg/dL. Early symptoms include sudden hunger, trembling, cold sweats, a…
Read ArticleHyperglycemia is a condition in which the blood sugar level is above normal, for example a fasting blood sugar of 126 mg/dL or higher, or 200 mg/dL…
Read ArticleInsulin resistance is a condition in which muscle, liver, and fat cells do not respond well to insulin, so the pancreas produces more insulin and…
Read ArticlePrediabetes is a condition in which blood sugar levels are above normal but not yet in the type 2 diabetes category, namely fasting blood sugar of…
Read ArticlePrehypertension is a condition in which systolic blood pressure is 120 to 139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure is 80 to 89 mmHg, which is above…
Read ArticleFasting blood sugar is the blood glucose level measured after not eating or drinking anything other than plain water for at least 8 hours. The normal…
Read ArticleHbA1c is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar level over the past 2 to 3 months by looking at the glucose attached to hemoglobin. This…
Read ArticleIn adults without diabetes, normal fasting blood sugar is below 100 mg/dL, blood sugar two hours after eating is below 140 mg/dL, random blood sugar…
Read ArticlePeripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a weakening of the heart muscle toward the end of pregnancy or in the months after giving birth. Its exact cause…
Read ArticleMetabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together: excess waist circumference, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood…
Read ArticleHyperlipidemia is a condition in which the level of fats in the blood, especially LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, exceeds normal limits. It…
Read ArticleDyslipidemia is a condition in which blood fat levels are out of balance, for example LDL cholesterol or triglycerides that are too high, or HDL…
Read ArticleFatty liver, or hepatic steatosis, is a buildup of excess fat in the liver cells. Its main causes are metabolic factors such as obesity, type 2…
Read ArticleIschemia is a condition in which blood flow to a tissue or organ is reduced or stopped, so the supply of oxygen and nutrients is insufficient. The…
Read ArticleExcessive stress can be managed with several complementary steps: relaxation exercises such as breathing meditation, regular exercise of at least 150…
Read ArticleShortness of breath due to the heart usually appears suddenly, feels heavy, and comes with pressing chest pain, cold sweats, dizziness, or an…
Read ArticleMyocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually triggered by a viral infection, an autoimmune reaction, or the effects of drugs and…
Read ArticlePericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac that surrounds the heart. Its typical symptom is sharp chest pain that gets worse when…
Read ArticleCardiogenic shock is a medical emergency in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, so vital organs lack oxygen. The most…
Read ArticleCardiac tamponade is a medical emergency in which fluid or blood builds up in the pericardial sac and presses on the heart, making it hard for the…
Read ArticleCardiac ablation is a minimally invasive procedure to treat arrhythmias, or heart rhythm disorders. The doctor inserts a thin catheter through a…
Read ArticleThe main symptom of acute coronary syndrome is sudden chest pain that feels like pressing or squeezing, often spreads to the left arm, jaw, neck…
Read ArticleRight-sided abdominal pain can be caused by disorders of the organs in that area, such as appendicitis, gallstones or cholecystitis, kidney stones or…
Read ArticleLeft-sided abdominal pain generally comes from digestive disorders such as gastritis, GERD, IBS, or gas, but it can also be caused by kidney stones…
Read ArticleHeart checkups are important for detecting disorders early, even before symptoms appear. They are divided into non-invasive tests, such as blood…
Read ArticleCardiac catheterization is a procedure in which a thin tube (catheter) is inserted through a blood vessel in the wrist or thigh and guided to the…
Read ArticleBlood vessel calcification (pengapuran pembuluh darah) is a lay term in Indonesia for the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of…
Read ArticleArteriosclerosis is a condition in which the artery walls thicken, harden, and lose their elasticity, disrupting blood flow to the organs. Causes…
Read ArticleLeft arm pain does not always mean a heart attack. Many cases come from the muscles, tendons, a pinched nerve in the neck, or stress and anxiety…
Read ArticlePulmonary stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve that obstructs blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs, and it is usually present…
Read ArticleTEVAR (Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair) is a minimally invasive procedure to repair an aneurysm or dissection of the aorta in the chest. The…
Read ArticleEVAR (Endovascular Aneurysm Repair) is a minimally invasive procedure to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The doctor inserts a stent graft…
Read ArticleHeart stent placement is a procedure to open a narrowed coronary artery using a catheter, usually under local anesthesia, and it takes about 1 to 2…
Read ArticleVentricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a congenital hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. Its symptoms depend on the size of the…
Read ArticleGangrene is the death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a severe infection, most often in the fingers and toes. Its types include dry…
Read ArticlePeripheral artery disease (PAD) is the narrowing or blockage of the arteries, especially in the legs, usually caused by atherosclerosis. Its typical…
Read ArticleAortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve that obstructs blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. Its main causes are calcium…
Read ArticleAortic dissection is a tear in the inner layer of the aortic wall that causes blood to flow between the layers of the wall. Its typical symptom is…
Read ArticleTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect made up of four abnormalities: a hole in the wall between the heart's ventricles (VSD), a…
Read ArticleAtherosclerosis is a buildup of plaque made of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the artery walls, which causes the blood vessels to…
Read ArticleCoughing up blood, or hemoptysis, is the release of blood from the respiratory tract when coughing. It has many possible causes, including infections…
Read ArticleDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the calf or thigh. Symptoms include swelling of one leg, pain…
Read ArticlePulmonary embolism is a blockage of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot that usually comes from deep vein thrombosis in the legs. Symptoms include…
Read ArticlePulsed Field Ablation (PFA) is a catheter ablation method for atrial fibrillation that uses very brief electrical pulses to deactivate the tissue…
Read ArticleThrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein caused by a blood clot (thrombus). The superficial type occurs in veins near the surface of the skin and…
Read ArticleDoppler ultrasound is a special ultrasound examination that uses sound waves and the Doppler effect to see blood flow, including its speed and…
Read ArticleArrhythmia in children is a heart rhythm disorder in which a child's heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slowly because of a problem in the…
Read ArticlePulsed Field Ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal catheter ablation technique for atrial fibrillation that uses short electrical pulses to open pores in…
Read ArticleA blood sugar check measures the level of glucose in the blood to detect prediabetes and diabetes early and to monitor their management. Methods…
Read ArticleA lipid profile is a series of blood tests that measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. The results help…
Read ArticleA blood test is an examination of a blood sample, usually taken from a vein in the arm, that is analyzed in a laboratory to assess organ function…
Read ArticleRheumatic fever is an inflammatory reaction caused by a group A Streptococcus throat infection that was not fully treated. Symptoms include fever…
Read ArticleMitral valve stenosis is a narrowing of the mitral valve that obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle of the heart. One of…
Read ArticleA cardiac CT scan is an imaging test that uses X-rays and a computer to produce three-dimensional images of the heart and coronary arteries. It helps…
Read ArticleAtrial fibrillation is a heart rhythm disorder in which the upper chambers of the heart quiver irregularly because of chaotic electrical signals, so…
Read ArticleA ruptured blood vessel is a tear in a blood vessel wall that causes bleeding, for example in a brain aneurysm, an aortic aneurysm, or a retinal…
Read ArticleEarly stroke symptoms can be recognized with the acronym FAST: a drooping face, one arm that is weak or cannot be raised, slurred speech, and time to…
Read ArticleRegular exercise helps the heart in five ways: lowering blood pressure, raising good cholesterol (HDL) and lowering triglycerides, maintaining blood…
Read ArticleEndocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium), including the valves, generally caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites…
Read ArticleAscites is a buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity that makes the abdomen swollen or enlarged. Causes include liver cirrhosis, heart failure…
Read ArticleSwollen ankles, or edema, occur when excess fluid builds up in the tissues around the feet. The cause may come from the heart, such as heart failure…
Read ArticleCardiac ablation is a procedure in which a thin catheter is inserted through a blood vessel to the heart to destroy or isolate the tissue that…
Read ArticleSudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating, so blood flow to the brain and vital organs stops. Its main causes are…
Read ArticleA healthy lifestyle, which includes balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, stress management, and enough sleep, may help lower the risk of…
Read ArticleHeart valve disease is a disorder of one or more of the heart's four valves, in the form of narrowing (stenosis) or leakage (regurgitation). Causes…
Read ArticleElectrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is a noninvasive test that records the heart's electrical activity through electrodes attached to the chest, arms…
Read ArticleTachycardia is a condition in which the heart beats more than 100 times per minute at rest. Symptoms include a pounding heart, dizziness, shortness…
Read ArticlePatent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition in which the blood vessel connecting the aorta and the pulmonary artery stays open after a baby is…
Read ArticleAngina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, usually due to narrowing of the coronary arteries from atherosclerosis…
Read ArticleEchocardiography (an echocardiogram) is a noninvasive test that uses sound waves to produce images of the heart's structure and function. It helps…
Read ArticleEVLT, or endovenous laser treatment, is a minimally invasive procedure to treat varicose veins by inserting a laser fiber into the affected vein…
Read ArticleABPM, or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, is a test that automatically records your blood pressure every 15 to 30 minutes during the day and…
Read ArticleHolter monitoring is a test that continuously records the heart's electrical activity for 24 hours or longer using a small recorder connected to…
Read ArticleDrastic weight gain can be caused by lifestyle factors, such as overeating, lack of movement, lack of sleep, and stress, as well as by medical…
Read ArticleAtrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in the form of a hole in the atrial septum, the wall that separates the left and right upper…
Read ArticleAn electrophysiology study (EP study) is a procedure in which electrode-tipped catheters are inserted through a blood vessel, usually in the groin…
Read ArticlePrimary PCI is an emergency procedure to open a blocked coronary artery in a type of heart attack called STEMI. The doctor inserts a catheter through…
Read ArticleCardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that makes the heart thickened, enlarged, or stiff, so it has difficulty pumping blood. Symptoms…
Read ArticleA pacemaker, or cardiac pacing device, is a small device that sends electrical impulses to the heart when the heartbeat is too slow or irregular. A…
Read ArticleVaricose veins are widened veins that bulge and twist, mainly in the legs, caused by weakened vein valves that allow blood to pool. Causes include…
Read ArticleDiabetes is a chronic disease marked by high blood sugar levels because the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively…
Read ArticleHigh cholesterol, especially excessive LDL levels, can cause plaque to build up on the artery walls, obstructing blood flow to the heart and brain…
Read ArticleObesity is a condition of excess body fat that is marked by a Body Mass Index (BMI) above 27.0 according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health…
Read ArticleLung disease is a group of conditions that interfere with how the lungs work, such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, COPD, and lung…
Read ArticleA pounding chest is the sensation of the heart beating faster, harder, or irregularly. It can be caused by stress, anxiety, physical activity…
Read ArticleSwollen legs, or edema, is a buildup of fluid in the tissues of the legs. It can be caused by standing or sitting too long, hormonal changes, injury…
Read ArticleNausea is an uncomfortable feeling in the stomach with an urge to vomit, while vomiting is the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth…
Read ArticleA cold sweat is sweat that appears suddenly and is not caused by heat or exercise. Triggers can include stress, anxiety, severe pain, infection, low…
Read ArticleShortness of breath, or dyspnea, is a feeling of difficulty or discomfort when breathing. Its causes can include heart problems such as heart…
Read ArticleLeft-sided chest pain can be caused by heart problems such as angina and heart attack, but also by acid reflux, muscle strain, injury, or anxiety…
Read ArticleA fast heartbeat is not always dangerous. It is normal for the heart to beat faster during exercise, stress, or fever, or after drinking caffeine. A…
Read ArticleCoronary angioplasty, commonly known to the public as getting a heart stent or heart ring, is a procedure to open a coronary artery that has been…
Read ArticleThyroid disease is a disorder of the thyroid gland, such as hypothyroidism (too little hormone), hyperthyroidism (too much hormone), and thyroid…
Read ArticleAn aortic aneurysm is a widening or bulging of the aortic wall caused by a weakened wall, most often in the chest (thoracic) or abdomen (abdominal)…
Read ArticleHypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries stays above the normal limit, generally 130/80 mmHg…
Read ArticleHeart bypass surgery (CABG) is an operation to create a new route for blood flow around narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, using blood vessels…
Read ArticleArrhythmia is a heart rhythm disorder, a condition in which the heart beats too fast, too slowly, or irregularly. Its types include tachycardia…
Read ArticleHeart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump blood to meet the body's needs; it does not mean the heart has stopped working. Its main…
Read ArticleCoronary heart disease is a condition in which the coronary arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked due to plaque…
Read ArticleCongenital heart disease is an abnormality in the structure or function of the heart that is present from birth, such as ASD, VSD, PDA, and Tetralogy…
Read ArticleSide effects that may occur after heart stent placement include infection, bleeding, blood clots, transient ischemic attack or stroke, heart rhythm…
Read ArticleA heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked, usually because an atherosclerotic plaque…
Read ArticleMasuk angin, a common Indonesian term, is not a medical term and usually describes complaints such as bloating, belching, and body aches, which…
Read ArticleCardiovascular disease is a disorder of the heart and blood vessels. Symptoms to watch out for include chest pain, shortness of breath, leg swelling…
Read ArticleA hole in the heart in babies (jantung bocor in Indonesian) is a lay term for congenital heart disease involving a hole in the heart's dividing wall…
Read ArticleTurmeric contains curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Several studies have linked curcumin to potential benefits for…
Read ArticleNeed help?
Articles help you understand, but they do not replace an examination. Our team can guide you to the right doctor.
