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Excessive Sweating: Hyperhidrosis or Heart Disease?
Excessive sweating does not always indicate heart disease. It may result from hyperhidrosis, physical activity, stress, medication side effects, or…
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Find explanations for everyday questions about the heart, tests, and care. Each article is translated from an Indonesian edition reviewed by a Heartology doctor.
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Heart Disease
Excessive Sweating: Hyperhidrosis or Heart Disease?
Excessive sweating does not always indicate heart disease. It may result from hyperhidrosis, physical activity, stress, medication side effects, or…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, October 27, 2026Read Article
Cardiovascular Therapy
DAPT (Dual Antiplatelet Therapy): Uses, Medications, Duration, and Side Effects
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) combines two antiplatelet medications, usually aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor, to reduce blood clot formation. It is…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), October 22, 2026Read Article
Cardiovascular Therapy
What Is Aspirin? Uses, Benefits, and Side Effects
Aspirin is a medication containing acetylsalicylic acid, commonly used to relieve pain and reduce fever. At low doses, aspirin also inhibits platelet…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Adrianus Kosasih, Sp.JP(K), October 20, 2026Read Article
Heart Disease
What to Do If You Suspect a Heart Attack While Alone: Essential Emergency Steps
If you experience symptoms of a possible heart attack while alone, immediately call Indonesia's medical emergency number, 119, or 112 if you are in…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Jajang Sinardja, Sp.JP(K)Read Article
Heart Disease
5 Signs of a Heart Attack You Should Watch For
Five warning signs of a heart attack include chest pain or pressure, pain spreading to the arm or jaw, shortness of breath, cold sweats with nausea…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Adrianus Kosasih, Sp.JP(K)Read Article
Cardiovascular Tests
SGOT (AST): Normal Range, Causes of High Levels, and How to Interpret Your Results
SGOT (AST) is an enzyme found in the liver, muscles, heart, and other body tissues. An SGOT blood test helps doctors assess possible cellular injury…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Khaira U. Yusrie, Sp.PD-KGEHRead ArticleCardiovascular Tests
SGPT: Normal Values, Causes of High SGPT, and How to Understand Medical Check-Up Results
SGPT is an older term for ALT, an enzyme found mainly in the liver. An elevated SGPT value indicates that further evaluation is needed, but it does…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Khaira U. Yusrie, Sp.PD-KGEHRead ArticleCardiovascular Tests
Cardiac FFR (Fractional Flow Reserve): Function, Values, and Its Role in Assessing Coronary Narrowing
Cardiac FFR, or Fractional Flow Reserve, is a pressure-based test that helps assess whether a narrowing in a coronary artery truly restricts blood…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), October 6, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Tests
Tilt Table Test: A Test to Find the Cause of Fainting and Dizziness When Standing
The Tilt Table Test is a test that helps doctors assess changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and symptoms as the body moves from lying down to an…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), October 2, 2026Read ArticleHeart Disease
Irregular Heartbeat: Causes, Signs of Arrhythmia, and When to Get Checked
An irregular heartbeat can feel like pounding, a heartbeat that is too fast or too strong, or a beat that seems to be skipped. This symptom does not…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Faris Basalamah, Sp.JP(K), September 30, 2026Read ArticleHealthy Lifestyle
Heart-Healthy Foods: Good Choices and How to Manage Them Every Day
Heart-healthy eating emphasizes a balanced diet rich in vegetables, fruit, high-fiber carbohydrate sources, fish, plant-based protein, and…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Juweni Joe, Sp.GK, September 29, 2026Read ArticleHealthy Lifestyle
Fruits People With Heart Disease Should Not Eat: Which Ones Need to Be Limited?
There is no single list of fruits to avoid that applies to every person with heart disease. Most fruits can still be eaten, but portion size…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Juweni Joe, Sp.GK, September 25, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Benefits of a Heart Second Opinion Before Making Treatment Decisions
A heart second opinion can help patients understand the diagnosis, the reasons behind a recommended procedure, treatment options, benefits, risks…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), September 21, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Validating a Parent’s Heart Diagnosis: 7 Things to Confirm Before Deciding
Validating a heart diagnosis helps patients and families understand whether the diagnosis, test results, severity, urgency, benefits, risks, and…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Emanoel Oepangat, Sp.JP(K), September 23, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
The Family’s Role in a Heart Second Opinion: Supporting Without Taking Over the Decision
The family's role in a heart second opinion includes helping the patient prepare information, draw up questions, accompany them to consultations…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Adrianus Kosasih, Sp.JP(K), September 16, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Medical Documents Needed for a Heart Second Opinion
Medical documents for a heart second opinion help the doctor understand the diagnosis, tests, therapy, and procedures the patient has already had…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), September 15, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
The Urgency of a Heart Second Opinion for Parents: When Should It Be Considered?
A heart second opinion for parents may be considered when the diagnosis, urgency, benefits, risks, or treatment options are still unclear. A second…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), September 9, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
What Should You Prepare Before a Heart Second Opinion Consultation?
Preparing for a heart second opinion includes gathering the medical summary, relevant test results, a list of medications, procedure history, a…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. BRM Ario S. Kuncoro, Sp.JP(K), September 10, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
What Is a Second Opinion in Heart Health? Meaning, Purpose, and Benefits
A heart second opinion is a medical opinion from another doctor that helps review a diagnosis, test results, or treatment plan that has already been…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Suko Adiarto, Sp.JP(K), Ph.D., September 7, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Already Have a Recommendation? Understand Heart Treatment Options Before Deciding
Heart treatment options should be understood based on the diagnosis, test results, treatment goals, level of urgency, benefits, risks, and relevant…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Siska S. Danny, Sp.JP(K), September 4, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Unsure About a Parent’s Heart Treatment? When Can a Second Opinion Help?
Choosing the right heart treatment starts with understanding the diagnosis, the goal of the procedure, the urgency, benefits, risks, alternatives…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Emanoel Oepangat, Sp.JP(K), September 1, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Unsure About Your Heart Disease Diagnosis? Steps You Can Take
Patients who are unsure about a heart disease diagnosis can ask for further explanation of the basis of the diagnosis, the level of urgency, and the…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), August 28, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Still Having Symptoms After Ablation? Know When You Need a Second Opinion
A second opinion after cardiac ablation may be considered when symptoms keep recurring, test results are not yet understood, there are differences in…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sunu B. Raharjo, Sp.JP(K), Ph.D., August 19, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Still Having Symptoms After a Heart Stent? When to Consider a Second Opinion
A second opinion after a heart stent may be considered when the patient's condition is stable but symptoms persist or come back, test results are not…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Adrianus Kosasih, Sp.JP(K), August 18, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Symptoms After Heart Surgery: Is a Second Opinion Needed?
Not every symptom after heart surgery requires a second opinion. Patients who are already stable may consider a second medical opinion if their…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Dudy A. Hanafy, Sp.BTKV, Subsp. JD(K), MARS, August 14, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Before Getting Heart Treatment Abroad, Check These 8 Things
Heart treatment abroad may be considered when a patient needs certain expertise, facilities, or evaluations. However, the decision should start with…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), August 12, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Different Cardiologist Recommendations? How to Decide Your Next Step
If cardiologists' recommendations differ, patients and families should first understand the differences in diagnosis, test results, treatment goals…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Dicky A. Hanafy, Sp.JP(K), August 11, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Unclear Heart Disease Diagnosis? Understand What It Means and Your Next Steps
An unclear heart disease diagnosis does not always mean that the diagnosis is wrong. This can happen because information is incomplete, test results…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Jajang Sinardja, Sp.JP(K), August 10, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
7 Signs You Need a Second Opinion Before a Cardiovascular Procedure
A second opinion for a cardiovascular procedure is worth considering when the patient or family does not yet understand the reason for the procedure…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. med. dr. Denio A. Ridjab, Sp.JP(K), August 6, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
When Should You Seek a Second Opinion From a Cardiologist? 7 Important Situations
A second opinion from a cardiologist may be considered when the diagnosis is unclear, there are several treatment options, doctors' recommendations…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Faris Basalamah, Sp.JP(K), August 5, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Why Is a Second Opinion Important Before Deciding on Heart Treatment?
A cardiac second opinion helps patients and families understand the diagnosis, level of urgency, benefits, risks, and treatment options before making…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Jajang Sinardja, Sp.JP(K), August 3, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Tests
Normal LDL but High ApoB? Understanding What It Means and What to Do Next
When medical check-up results show many numbers, working out which ones are relevant can feel confusing. This apolipoprotein B (ApoB) guide explains…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), July 31, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Tests
Normal Cholesterol but High Lp(a)? What You Need to Know
Lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a), is a cholesterol-carrying particle whose level is mainly determined by genetic factors. High levels can add to the risk of…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), July 29, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Tests
Low eGFR: Causes, What the Numbers Mean, and Next Steps
eGFR is an estimate of how well the kidneys filter blood, usually calculated from the creatinine level, age, and sex. The result helps assess kidney…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Faris Basalamah, Sp.JP(K), July 28, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Tests
Abnormal MCU Results? Understand What They Mean and Your Next Steps
Medical check-up results are a summary of your health condition from various tests, such as blood tests, blood pressure, organ function, ECG, and…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sri Diniharini, Sp.JP(K), July 23, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Tests
Chest X-Ray to Assess the Heart and Lungs: What You Need to Know
A chest X-ray is a noninvasive imaging test that uses X-rays to assess the lungs, heart silhouette, airways, large blood vessels, bones, and…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. BRM Ario S. Kuncoro, Sp.JP(K), July 21, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Tests
Cardiac MRI: Benefits, Procedure, and When the Test Is Needed
Cardiac MRI is a noninvasive imaging test that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to assess the structure, function, blood flow, and tissue…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Dafsah A. Juzar, Sp.JP(K), July 20, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
When Is a Heart Transplant Needed? A Guide for Patients and Families
A heart transplant is surgery to replace a heart that can no longer pump blood adequately with a healthy donor heart. This procedure is considered…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Dudy A. Hanafy, Sp.BTKV, Subsp. JD(K), MARS, July 15, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Cardioversion for Arrhythmia: When Is It Needed and Is It Safe?
Cardioversion is a medical procedure that helps restore certain heart rhythms that are too fast or irregular to a more organized rhythm. It can be…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Sunu B. Raharjo, Sp.JP(K), Ph.D., July 14, 2026Read ArticleCardiovascular Therapy
Statins to Prevent Heart Attacks: Who Needs Them?
Statins are a group of prescription medications that help lower LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, and cardiovascular…
Indonesian edition reviewed by Dr. dr. Jajang Sinardja, Sp.JP(K), July 13, 2026Read ArticleRelated Conditions
Chronic Gastritis Is More Than an Ordinary Stomach Ache: Signs to Watch For
Chronic gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining that lasts a long time or keeps coming back, often felt as chronic stomach trouble (known in…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Khaira U. Yusrie, Sp.PD-KGEH, July 9, 2026Read ArticleRelated Conditions
Shingles Is More Than a Rash: Recognize Herpes Zoster Early
Herpes zoster (shingles) is a condition caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. It can cause a…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, July 7, 2026Read ArticleRelated Conditions
Bloody Stools and Abdominal Pain? Learn About Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that mainly affects the large intestine and rectum. It can cause bloody diarrhea…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, July 6, 2026Read ArticleAutoimmune Disease
Scleroderma and the Heart: When Is Further Evaluation Needed?
Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease that can cause the skin to tighten and thicken. In the systemic type, the condition can involve the blood…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, July 3, 2026Read ArticleRelated Conditions
Recurring Bleeding Gums? Understand Periodontitis and When to Get Checked
Periodontitis is a chronic gum disease caused by inflammation and infection of the tissues that support the teeth. It can cause bleeding gums, bad…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, July 2, 2026Read ArticleRelated Conditions
Burning Chest and Shortness of Breath: GERD or a Heart Problem? Know the Difference
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is a condition in which stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus and causes complaints such as a burning…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, June 29, 2026Read ArticleAutoimmune Disease
Lupus (SLE) and the Heart: Chest Symptoms, Shortness of Breath, and Important Warning Signs
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Its symptoms can affect…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, June 29, 2026Read ArticleAutoimmune Disease
What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis? Symptoms, Causes, and Its Link to the Heart
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation, often marked by pain, morning stiffness, swelling, and tiring…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, June 9, 2026Read ArticleAutoimmune Disease
Autoimmune Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and Effects on the Heart
Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Its symptoms can be vague, such as tiring easily, joint…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, June 23, 2026Read ArticleBlood Vessel Disease
Cold and Painful Feet in Smokers? Watch Out for Buerger’s Disease
Buerger's disease is a disorder involving inflammation and blockage of small to medium-sized blood vessels that is often linked to tobacco use. The…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Emanoel Oepangat, Sp.JP(K), June 26, 2026Read ArticleBlood Vessel Disease
Kawasaki Disease and Children’s Hearts: When Should You See a Doctor Right Away?
Kawasaki disease is inflammation of the blood vessels in children that can appear with a fever lasting more than five days, red eyes, a rash, cracked…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Radityo Prakoso, Sp.JP(K), June 25, 2026Read ArticleAutoimmune Disease
Crohn’s Disease Is Not Ordinary Diarrhea: Symptoms to Watch For
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammation of the bowel that can cause prolonged diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody stools, weight loss, and fatigue…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Debby C. Soemitha, Sp.PD, June 24, 2026Read ArticleBlood Vessel Disease
Be Aware of Vasculitis: Symptoms, Risks, and Prevention
Vasculitis is inflammation of the blood vessels that can disrupt blood flow and trigger different symptoms, from a rash, fever, and pain to organ…
Indonesian edition reviewed by dr. Emanoel Oepangat, Sp.JP(K), June 23, 2026Read ArticleRelated Conditions
Hemochromatosis and the Heart: Iron Overload Risks That Often Go Unnoticed
Hemochromatosis is a condition in which the body absorbs or stores excess iron, causing iron to build up in organs such as the liver, pancreas…
Read ArticleAutoimmune Disease
Sarcoidosis: Can It Be Cured, and When Should You See a Doctor?
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that forms granulomas in organs such as the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, eyes, and heart. Some cases may improve…
Read ArticleRelated Conditions
Amyloidosis: When Abnormal Proteins Affect Heart Function
Amyloidosis is a rare condition in which an abnormal protein called amyloid builds up in the body's tissues or organs. When it builds up in the…
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What Is Sepsis? Watch for Emergency Signs of an Infection That Can Worsen Quickly
Sepsis is a medical emergency in which the body's response to an infection becomes excessive and disrupts organ function. Warning signs include rapid…
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Breathing Stops During Sleep? Recognize the Early Symptoms of Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a breathing disorder during sleep in which airflow repeatedly decreases or stops temporarily. Symptoms may include loud snoring…
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Cough With Phlegm and Tiring Quickly During Activity? Know the Signs of COPD
A long-lasting cough with phlegm and tiring quickly during activity may be signs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially when…
Read ArticleRelated Conditions
High Uric Acid: How Is It Linked to the Kidneys, Diabetes, and the Heart?
High uric acid occurs when the body produces too much uric acid or the kidneys are less effective at removing it. This condition is often found…
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Atrial Flutter and Stroke Risk: Symptoms You Should Not Ignore
Atrial flutter is a heart rhythm disorder in which the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat too fast in a pattern that tends to be regular…
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Primary Hypertension Often Has No Symptoms: When Should You See a Doctor?
Primary hypertension often causes no symptoms, so your blood pressure needs to be measured regularly even when you feel healthy. See a doctor if your…
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Secondary Hypertension in Working-Age Adults: When Is Further Evaluation Needed?
Further evaluation to look for secondary hypertension should be considered when high blood pressure appears at a young age, especially before 40…
Read ArticleBlood Vessel Disease
Do Your Legs Feel Heavy in the Afternoon? Watch Out for Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Legs that feel heavy, achy, or swollen around the ankles in the afternoon, especially after standing or sitting for a long time and improving when…
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Beta Blockers for the Heart: When They Are Prescribed and Who Needs to Be Careful
Beta blockers are prescription medications that slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure. Doctors may prescribe them for hypertension, angina…
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When Is Heart Valve Surgery Needed? A Doctor Explains
Heart valve surgery is generally considered when a valve has narrowing (stenosis) or leakage (regurgitation) severe enough to disrupt blood flow and…
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Balloon Angioplasty: A Procedure to Open Heart Artery Blockages Without Surgery
Balloon angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure to open heart arteries that are narrowed or blocked by plaque. The doctor inserts a…
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Leaky Heart Valve: Is It Dangerous and Can It Be Cured?
A leaky heart valve (regurgitation) can range from mild to severe. Mild leaks often cause no symptoms and only need regular monitoring, while severe…
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Noonan Syndrome: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Life Expectancy in Children
Noonan syndrome is a congenital genetic disorder that affects growth, facial features, and often the heart, for example pulmonary valve stenosis or…
Read ArticleHeart Disease
Often Short of Breath? Watch Out for Pulmonary Hypertension
Frequent shortness of breath, especially during light activity, may be one sign of pulmonary hypertension, which is increased blood pressure in the…
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Eisenmenger Syndrome: A Congenital Heart Disease Complication to Watch For
Eisenmenger syndrome is a late complication of a congenital heart defect, such as an ASD, VSD, or PDA, that was not treated early. The pressure in…
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Watch Out for Brugada Syndrome: A Cause of Fainting and Even Cardiac Arrest
Brugada syndrome is a disorder of the heart's electrical system, often genetic, that can trigger dangerous ventricular arrhythmias even when the…
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Broken Heart Syndrome: More Than Just Emotions, Here Is How It Affects the Heart
Broken heart syndrome (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy) is a sudden and temporary weakening of the heart muscle caused by a surge of stress hormones after…
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Declining Kidney Function? Watch Out for Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease is a gradual decline in kidney function that lasts more than three months. In the early stages it often causes no symptoms…
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Ideal Body Weight: How to Calculate and Maintain It for Your Health
Ideal body weight is generally calculated using the body mass index (BMI): body weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m). A BMI of 18.5 to…
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Mild Heart Attack: Symptoms, Causes, and When to See a Doctor
A mild heart attack is a lay term for a myocardial infarction with more limited damage to the heart muscle, but it is still a medical emergency. Its…
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Signs of a Healthy Heart and When You Need a Heart Health Checkup
A healthy heart is marked by a regular resting heart rate, generally 60 to 100 beats per minute in adults, blood pressure of around 120/80 mmHg…
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Understanding Coarctation of the Aorta: A Congenital Heart Defect That Needs Prompt Treatment
Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect in which part of the aorta, the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest…
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Bentall Surgery for Aortic Disease: Purpose, Procedure, and Recovery
Bentall surgery is open-heart surgery that replaces the aortic root and the aortic valve at the same time with an artificial graft that already has a…
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Varicose Vein Sclerotherapy: A Modern Alternative for Treating Varicose Veins Without Surgery
Varicose vein sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure in which a sclerosant is injected into a widened vein so that the vein closes and is…
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Heart Cath Lab: Functions, Procedure, Benefits, and Indications
A Cath Lab (catheterization laboratory) is a procedure room with real-time X-ray imaging where the doctor inserts a thin catheter through a blood…
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How to Get Rid of Varicose Veins in the Legs With Modern Minimally Invasive Treatment
How to get rid of varicose veins in the legs depends on how severe they are. In the early stages, regular exercise, leg elevation, weight management…
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Blood Thinners: Benefits and Risks You Should Understand
Blood thinners are medications that inhibit the formation of blood clots. They include anticoagulants such as warfarin and DOACs, as well as…
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Coronary Angiography: When Should It Be Done and What Is the Process?
Coronary angiography is performed when a doctor suspects narrowing of the heart's blood vessels, for example in cases of typical chest pain, abnormal…
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Left Back Pain: Could It Be Related to Heart Disease?
Left back pain most often comes from the muscles, joints, or spine and usually improves with rest. However, this pain can also be referred pain from…
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Ventricular Fibrillation: What Should You Do When It Happens?
When someone is suspected of having ventricular fibrillation, meaning they suddenly collapse, are unresponsive, and are not breathing normally, call…
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Ventricular Tachycardia (VT): Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Medical Treatment
Ventricular tachycardia is a heart rhythm disorder in which the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) beat very fast because of abnormal…
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Cardiac ICD: Sudden Death Prevention, Costs, and How It Works
An ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator) is a small device implanted under the skin of the chest to monitor the heart rhythm continuously. If…
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Blood Fats (Cholesterol and Triglycerides): Meaning, Risks, and Practical Solutions
Blood fats is a term for the cholesterol and triglycerides circulating in the blood. Levels that are too high, especially LDL and triglycerides, can…
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Unsaturated Fat: A Practical Guide to Choosing Healthier Fats
Unsaturated fat is a type of fat that is generally liquid at room temperature and is found in many vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, avocados, and fish…
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Saturated Fat and the Heart: Facts You Need to Know
Saturated fat is a type of fat that is generally solid at room temperature and is found in many fatty meats, chicken skin, butter, cheese, coconut…
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Trans Fat: What It Is, Its Dangers, and Its Impact on Heart Health
Trans fat is fat whose chemical structure has changed, mainly as a result of the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils in the food industry. This…
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Healthy Heart, Quality Life: Why Prevention Is Better Than Treatment
Prevention is better than treatment because heart disease generally develops slowly and often without symptoms in its early stages. By maintaining a…
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Does Egg Yolk Contain Cholesterol? Here Are the Medical Facts
Yes, egg yolk contains cholesterol, about 185 to 200 mg in one large chicken egg, and almost all of it is in the yolk. However, dietary cholesterol…
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Understanding the Range of Modern Diagnostics for Early Detection of Heart Disease
Modern cardiac diagnostic technology is a set of examinations that help doctors assess the structure, function, and blood flow of the heart in…
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Differences in Heart Disease Signs Between Men and Women That You Need to Know
In men, heart disease more often appears with classic symptoms, such as heavy or pressing chest pain that spreads to the left arm, neck, or jaw. In…
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Early Heart Checkups: An Investment in Your Productive Future
An early heart checkup is important because heart disease often develops slowly without symptoms, so it is frequently only noticed once the condition…
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Myths vs. Facts: Debunking Misconceptions About Heart Disease
Some commonly believed heart disease myths are that the disease only affects older people, that thin people are always safe, that no chest pain means…
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Understanding Your Heart: Medical Terms Everyone Should Know
Some medical heart terms that patients often hear include ECG (a recording of the heart's electrical activity), echocardiography (an ultrasound to…
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First Heart Consultation? Here Is What You Need to Prepare
Before your first heart consultation, prepare notes on your complaints (what they are, when they started, how often they occur, and what triggers…
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Modern Lifestyle and a Healthy Heart: How to Care for Your Heart When Life Gets Busy
Even with a busy schedule, you can care for your heart through small, consistent habits: moving between work hours, for example taking a short walk…
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More Than Chest Pain: Recognize the Early Signs of Heart Problems That Are Often Overlooked and Misunderstood
The early signs of heart problems are not always chest pain. Commonly overlooked complaints include getting tired easily for no clear reason…
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Early Detection: Why Does Your Heart Health Need Earlier Attention?
Heart health needs attention early because many heart diseases develop slowly without clear symptoms. Early detection helps identify risk factors…
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What Is Cholesterol? Understand Its Role, Types, and How to Keep It Normal
Cholesterol is a natural fatty substance the body needs to form cells, hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids. Its main types are LDL, which can build…
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What Are Triglycerides? What Is the Normal Limit and How Do You Keep It Stable?
Triglycerides are a type of fat in the blood that serves as the body's energy reserve. Normal levels are below 150 mg/dL, 150 to 199 mg/dL is…
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How to Lower High Blood Sugar Safely and Gradually
The safe way to lower high blood sugar is through gradual steps: managing your diet with complex carbohydrates, fiber, and protein, staying…
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How to Lower High Blood Pressure and Keep It Normal to Avoid Complications
High blood pressure can be lowered gradually by limiting salt and processed foods, eating more vegetables and fruit, staying physically active…
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How to Lower Cholesterol Naturally and Effectively
Cholesterol can be lowered naturally by eating more soluble fiber from vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and legumes, choosing unsaturated fats…
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How to Lower Triglycerides Naturally and Medically
Triglycerides can be lowered by limiting added sugar, sweet drinks, and refined carbohydrates, eating more fiber, fatty fish, and complex…
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Cardiac Treadmill Test: Purpose, Procedure, and When You Need It
A cardiac treadmill test is a non-invasive test that records your heart rate, the heart's electrical rhythm (ECG), and blood pressure while you walk…
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Heart Calcium Score: Early Detection of Coronary Heart Disease Risk
A heart calcium score is a CT scan without contrast dye that measures the amount of calcium in the walls of the coronary arteries. The score reflects…
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Signs and Causes of an Enlarged Heart to Watch Out For
An enlarged heart, or cardiomegaly, is a condition in which the heart is larger than normal because the heart muscle has thickened or its chambers…
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Optimal Health at 40+: How to Prevent Heart Disease and Stay Active
Staying healthy after 40 focuses on small, consistent habits: eating a balanced diet with plenty of vegetables, fruit, and fiber; cutting back on…
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Detecting Heart Disease Without Symptoms: The Latest Medical and Digital Technologies
Heart disease without symptoms can be detected through tests chosen according to your risk factors. Cardiac CT scans and the coronary calcium score…
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7 Ways to Get Quality Sleep and Wake Up Feeling Fresher Every Day
Getting quality sleep starts with a consistent sleep and wake schedule, a dark, cool, and quiet bedroom, and staying away from devices for about an…
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10 Easy Ways to Manage Stress for a Healthy Heart
Managing stress can start with simple steps done consistently: the 4-7-8 breathing technique or diaphragmatic breathing, brief mindfulness…
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Effective Ways to Lose Weight for Heart Health
The way to lose weight for heart health is to do it gradually: create a mild calorie deficit of about 300 to 500 calories per day, choose foods high…
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How Can You Quit Smoking? Practical Tips for a Stronger Heart
Quitting smoking starts with a clear plan: set a quit date, recognize your triggers, and prepare strategies for dealing with cravings such as…
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Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Blood Sugar: Normal Numbers You Should Know
General reference numbers for adults: normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg, LDL below 100 mg/dL (lower if your risk is high), triglycerides…
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7 Types of Exercise for a Healthy Heart: Where to Start and How Long
Exercises that are good for the heart include brisk walking, light jogging, cycling, swimming, heart-healthy group exercise (senam jantung sehat)…
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Heart-Healthy Diet Menu: Food Choices and Simple Tips
A heart-healthy menu prioritizes leafy greens, fatty fish, berries or local fruits, nuts, whole grains, tempeh, avocado, and olive oil. Limit…
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How to Keep Your Heart Healthy: A Complete and Practical Guide
Keeping your heart healthy starts with small, consistent habits: eating a balanced diet that is high in fiber and low in salt and saturated fat…
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9 Dangers of Smoking: Health Facts and Risks You Need to Know
Smoking damages almost every organ in the body. Cigarette smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide…
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What Is CRP (C-Reactive Protein)? Benefits, Procedure, and What Your Results Mean
CRP (C-Reactive Protein) is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation. The standard CRP test helps doctors detect and monitor…
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What Is the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)? Function, Normal Values, and Causes of High Levels
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that measures how quickly red blood cells settle to the bottom of a tube in one hour. Normal…
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5 Major Dangers of Vaping That Are as Serious as Smoking
Vape aerosol is not just water vapor; it contains nicotine, heavy metals, and carbonyl compounds. The main dangers include lung damage such as…
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What Is High-Sensitivity CRP in Blood Test Results and Why Does It Matter for Your Heart?
hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein) is a blood test that measures C-reactive protein levels with high sensitivity to detect low-grade…
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High Urea? Learn the Causes, Risks, and How to Lower It
High urea means that the level of the waste product from protein breakdown in the blood is above the normal range. The cause can be temporary, such…
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What Is Creatinine? Normal Levels and the Risks When It Is High
Creatinine is a waste product formed by muscle activity and removed through the kidneys, so its level is used to assess kidney function. The normal…
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Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Emergency Symptoms, First Aid, and Prevention
Hypoglycemia is a condition in which the blood sugar level drops below 70 mg/dL. Early symptoms include sudden hunger, trembling, cold sweats, a…
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Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar): Emergency Signs, Tests, and Prevention
Hyperglycemia is a condition in which the blood sugar level is above normal, for example a fasting blood sugar of 126 mg/dL or higher, or 200 mg/dL…
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What Is Insulin Resistance? Causes, Symptoms, and How to Manage It
Insulin resistance is a condition in which muscle, liver, and fat cells do not respond well to insulin, so the pancreas produces more insulin and…
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What Is Prediabetes? Signs, Risks, and How to Prevent It Early
Prediabetes is a condition in which blood sugar levels are above normal but not yet in the type 2 diabetes category, namely fasting blood sugar of…
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Prehypertension: Understanding the Early Stage of High Blood Pressure
Prehypertension is a condition in which systolic blood pressure is 120 to 139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure is 80 to 89 mmHg, which is above…
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Fasting Blood Sugar: A Complete Guide to Normal Levels and How to Control It
Fasting blood sugar is the blood glucose level measured after not eating or drinking anything other than plain water for at least 8 hours. The normal…
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HbA1c: An Important Test for Knowing Your Long-Term Blood Sugar Level
HbA1c is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar level over the past 2 to 3 months by looking at the glucose attached to hemoglobin. This…
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What Is a Normal Blood Sugar Level for Adults?
In adults without diabetes, normal fasting blood sugar is below 100 mg/dL, blood sugar two hours after eating is below 140 mg/dL, random blood sugar…
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Preventing and Managing Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) in Pregnant Women
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a weakening of the heart muscle toward the end of pregnancy or in the months after giving birth. Its exact cause…
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What Is Metabolic Syndrome? Heart Disease Risk and How to Avoid It
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that occur together: excess waist circumference, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, high blood…
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Hyperlipidemia: When Blood Fat Levels Are Too High
Hyperlipidemia is a condition in which the level of fats in the blood, especially LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, exceeds normal limits. It…
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Dyslipidemia: When Blood Fats Are Out of Balance
Dyslipidemia is a condition in which blood fat levels are out of balance, for example LDL cholesterol or triglycerides that are too high, or HDL…
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Understanding Fatty Liver: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Manage It
Fatty liver, or hepatic steatosis, is a buildup of excess fat in the liver cells. Its main causes are metabolic factors such as obesity, type 2…
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Understanding Ischemia: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Prevent Organ Damage
Ischemia is a condition in which blood flow to a tissue or organ is reduced or stopped, so the supply of oxygen and nutrients is insufficient. The…
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Don’t Let Stress Disrupt Your Heart: How to Manage Excessive Stress
Excessive stress can be managed with several complementary steps: relaxation exercises such as breathing meditation, regular exercise of at least 150…
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Shortness of Breath From Heart Problems vs. Acid Reflux: Know the Difference
Shortness of breath due to the heart usually appears suddenly, feels heavy, and comes with pressing chest pain, cold sweats, dizziness, or an…
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Myocarditis: What It Is, What the Symptoms Are, and How to Treat It
Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually triggered by a viral infection, an autoimmune reaction, or the effects of drugs and…
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What Is Pericarditis? Know the Symptoms, Causes, and Complications
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, the thin sac that surrounds the heart. Its typical symptom is sharp chest pain that gets worse when…
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What Is Cardiogenic Shock? Know the Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options
Cardiogenic shock is a medical emergency in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, so vital organs lack oxygen. The most…
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What Is Cardiac Tamponade? Causes, Warning Signs, and How to Treat It
Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency in which fluid or blood builds up in the pericardial sac and presses on the heart, making it hard for the…
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Cardiac Ablation: Definition, Indications, Procedure, Benefits, Risks, and Cost
Cardiac ablation is a minimally invasive procedure to treat arrhythmias, or heart rhythm disorders. The doctor inserts a thin catheter through a…
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Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome to Recognize Early
The main symptom of acute coronary syndrome is sudden chest pain that feels like pressing or squeezing, often spreads to the left arm, jaw, neck…
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Right-Sided Abdominal Pain: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Treat It
Right-sided abdominal pain can be caused by disorders of the organs in that area, such as appendicitis, gallstones or cholecystitis, kidney stones or…
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Left-Sided Abdominal Pain: A Minor-Seeming Symptom That Could Signal a Serious Disease
Left-sided abdominal pain generally comes from digestive disorders such as gastritis, GERD, IBS, or gas, but it can also be caused by kidney stones…
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The Importance of Heart Checkups: Types, Differences, and Costs
Heart checkups are important for detecting disorders early, even before symptoms appear. They are divided into non-invasive tests, such as blood…
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Understanding Cardiac Catheterization in Depth: Procedure, Risks, and Costs
Cardiac catheterization is a procedure in which a thin tube (catheter) is inserted through a blood vessel in the wrist or thigh and guided to the…
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What Is Blood Vessel Calcification? Know the Risks, Diagnosis, and Solutions
Blood vessel calcification (pengapuran pembuluh darah) is a lay term in Indonesia for the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of…
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Arteriosclerosis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Arteriosclerosis is a condition in which the artery walls thicken, harden, and lose their elasticity, disrupting blood flow to the organs. Causes…
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Left Arm Pain: Causes, Warning Signs, and When to See a Doctor
Left arm pain does not always mean a heart attack. Many cases come from the muscles, tendons, a pinched nerve in the neck, or stress and anxiety…
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Pulmonary Stenosis: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Pulmonary stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve that obstructs blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs, and it is usually present…
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TEVAR (Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair): A Minimally Invasive Solution for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
TEVAR (Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair) is a minimally invasive procedure to repair an aneurysm or dissection of the aorta in the chest. The…
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EVAR (Endovascular Aneurysm Repair): A Minimally Invasive Solution for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
EVAR (Endovascular Aneurysm Repair) is a minimally invasive procedure to repair an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The doctor inserts a stent graft…
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Heart Stent Placement: Cost, Procedure, and What You Need to Prepare
Heart stent placement is a procedure to open a narrowed coronary artery using a catheter, usually under local anesthesia, and it takes about 1 to 2…
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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): Recognize the Symptoms, Causes, and Right Treatment Options
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a congenital hole in the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart. Its symptoms depend on the size of the…
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Gangrene: Signs, Types, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
Gangrene is the death of body tissue due to a lack of blood flow or a severe infection, most often in the fingers and toes. Its types include dry…
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Peripheral Artery Disease: Symptoms, Causes, How to Manage It, and Prevention Steps
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is the narrowing or blockage of the arteries, especially in the legs, usually caused by atherosclerosis. Its typical…
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Aortic Stenosis: Symptoms, Causes, Complications, Treatment, and Prevention
Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve that obstructs blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body. Its main causes are calcium…
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Aortic Dissection: Symptoms, Causes, Complications, Treatment, and Prevention
Aortic dissection is a tear in the inner layer of the aortic wall that causes blood to flow between the layers of the wall. Its typical symptom is…
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Tetralogy of Fallot: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect made up of four abnormalities: a hole in the wall between the heart's ventricles (VSD), a…
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Atherosclerosis: Symptoms, Causes, Complications, Treatment, and Prevention
Atherosclerosis is a buildup of plaque made of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the artery walls, which causes the blood vessels to…
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Coughing Up Blood: Causes, Symptoms, and the Right Steps to Manage It
Coughing up blood, or hemoptysis, is the release of blood from the respiratory tract when coughing. It has many possible causes, including infections…
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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the calf or thigh. Symptoms include swelling of one leg, pain…
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Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
Pulmonary embolism is a blockage of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot that usually comes from deep vein thrombosis in the legs. Symptoms include…
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Pulsed Field Ablation (PFA): An Innovation in Atrial Fibrillation Treatment
Pulsed Field Ablation (PFA) is a catheter ablation method for atrial fibrillation that uses very brief electrical pulses to deactivate the tissue…
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Thrombophlebitis: Symptoms, Causes, Complications, Treatment, and Prevention
Thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein caused by a blood clot (thrombus). The superficial type occurs in veins near the surface of the skin and…
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Doppler Ultrasound: Functions, Types, How It Works, Advantages, and Medical Benefits
Doppler ultrasound is a special ultrasound examination that uses sound waves and the Doppler effect to see blood flow, including its speed and…
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Arrhythmia in Children: Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Arrhythmia in children is a heart rhythm disorder in which a child's heart beats irregularly, too fast, or too slowly because of a problem in the…
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Atrial Fibrillation Treatment With PFA (Pulsed Field Ablation) Technology Now Available in Indonesia
Pulsed Field Ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal catheter ablation technique for atrial fibrillation that uses short electrical pulses to open pores in…
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Blood Sugar Testing: Benefits, Methods, and How to Maintain Healthy Blood Sugar
A blood sugar check measures the level of glucose in the blood to detect prediabetes and diabetes early and to monitor their management. Methods…
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Lipid Profile: Benefits, Results, and How to Manage It
A lipid profile is a series of blood tests that measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. The results help…
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Blood Tests: Benefits, How They Work, Types, and How to Interpret the Results
A blood test is an examination of a blood sample, usually taken from a vein in the arm, that is analyzed in a laboratory to assess organ function…
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Rheumatic Fever: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory reaction caused by a group A Streptococcus throat infection that was not fully treated. Symptoms include fever…
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Mitral Valve Stenosis: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatment
Mitral valve stenosis is a narrowing of the mitral valve that obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle of the heart. One of…
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Cardiac CT Scan: Benefits, Procedure, Risks, and Cost
A cardiac CT scan is an imaging test that uses X-rays and a computer to produce three-dimensional images of the heart and coronary arteries. It helps…
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Atrial Fibrillation: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatment
Atrial fibrillation is a heart rhythm disorder in which the upper chambers of the heart quiver irregularly because of chaotic electrical signals, so…
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Ruptured Blood Vessels: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
A ruptured blood vessel is a tear in a blood vessel wall that causes bleeding, for example in a brain aneurysm, an aortic aneurysm, or a retinal…
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Be Aware of Stroke: Early Symptoms, Recovery, and Prevention
Early stroke symptoms can be recognized with the acronym FAST: a drooping face, one arm that is weak or cannot be raised, slurred speech, and time to…
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5 Benefits of Regular Exercise: An Important Investment for a Healthy Heart
Regular exercise helps the heart in five ways: lowering blood pressure, raising good cholesterol (HDL) and lowering triglycerides, maintaining blood…
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Endocarditis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocardium), including the valves, generally caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites…
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Swollen Abdomen (Ascites): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Ascites is a buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity that makes the abdomen swollen or enlarged. Causes include liver cirrhosis, heart failure…
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Swollen Ankles (Edema): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
Swollen ankles, or edema, occur when excess fluid builds up in the tissues around the feet. The cause may come from the heart, such as heart failure…
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Cardiac Ablation: Procedure, Benefits, Risks, and Recovery
Cardiac ablation is a procedure in which a thin catheter is inserted through a blood vessel to the heart to destroy or isolate the tissue that…
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Sudden Cardiac Arrest: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention
Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating, so blood flow to the brain and vital organs stops. Its main causes are…
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Benefits of a Healthy Lifestyle: 3 Tips for a Strong and Healthy Life for Years to Come
A healthy lifestyle, which includes balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, stress management, and enough sleep, may help lower the risk of…
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Heart Valve Disease: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
Heart valve disease is a disorder of one or more of the heart's four valves, in the form of narrowing (stenosis) or leakage (regurgitation). Causes…
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Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG): Overview, Benefits, and Expected Results
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is a noninvasive test that records the heart's electrical activity through electrodes attached to the chest, arms…
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Tachycardia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
Tachycardia is a condition in which the heart beats more than 100 times per minute at rest. Symptoms include a pounding heart, dizziness, shortness…
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Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA): Know the Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a condition in which the blood vessel connecting the aorta and the pulmonary artery stays open after a baby is…
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Watch Out for Angina! Know the Symptoms, Triggers, and Treatment
Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, usually due to narrowing of the coronary arteries from atherosclerosis…
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Just 30 Minutes! Know Your Heart Condition With Echocardiography
Echocardiography (an echocardiogram) is a noninvasive test that uses sound waves to produce images of the heart's structure and function. It helps…
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Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT) for Varicose Veins: How It Works, Preparation, and Recovery
EVLT, or endovenous laser treatment, is a minimally invasive procedure to treat varicose veins by inserting a laser fiber into the affected vein…
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Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) for Early Detection and Monitoring of Hypertension
ABPM, or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, is a test that automatically records your blood pressure every 15 to 30 minutes during the day and…
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Holter Monitoring: Tracking and Detecting Heart Rhythm Disorders During Daily Activities
Holter monitoring is a test that continuously records the heart's electrical activity for 24 hours or longer using a small recorder connected to…
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Has Your Weight Gone Up Drastically? Learn 18 Causes and How to Manage Them
Drastic weight gain can be caused by lifestyle factors, such as overeating, lack of movement, lack of sleep, and stress, as well as by medical…
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Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in the form of a hole in the atrial septum, the wall that separates the left and right upper…
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Electrophysiology (EP) Study: A Test to Detect Types of Heart Arrhythmia
An electrophysiology study (EP study) is a procedure in which electrode-tipped catheters are inserted through a blood vessel, usually in the groin…
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Treating an Acute Heart Attack With Primary PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention)
Primary PCI is an emergency procedure to open a blocked coronary artery in a type of heart attack called STEMI. The doctor inserts a catheter through…
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Often Short of Breath, Dizzy, and Easily Tired? Watch Out for Cardiomyopathy: Know the Symptoms and Treatment
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that makes the heart thickened, enlarged, or stiff, so it has difficulty pumping blood. Symptoms…
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Getting to Know the Pacemaker: How This Device Can Help People With Heart Rhythm Disorders
A pacemaker, or cardiac pacing device, is a small device that sends electrical impulses to the heart when the heartbeat is too slow or irregular. A…
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Watch Out for Varicose Veins! Know the Causes, Signs, Treatment, and Prevention
Varicose veins are widened veins that bulge and twist, mainly in the legs, caused by weakened vein valves that allow blood to pool. Causes include…
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Beware of Diabetes! Know the Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
Diabetes is a chronic disease marked by high blood sugar levels because the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively…
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Beware the Dangers of High Cholesterol! Why Keeping Your Cholesterol in Balance Matters
High cholesterol, especially excessive LDL levels, can cause plaque to build up on the artery walls, obstructing blood flow to the heart and brain…
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Beware of Obesity! Learn Its Causes and the Effects That Threaten Your Health
Obesity is a condition of excess body fat that is marked by a Body Mass Index (BMI) above 27.0 according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health…
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Beware of Lung Disease! Learn the Types, Causes, and Treatment
Lung disease is a group of conditions that interfere with how the lungs work, such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, COPD, and lung…
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Often Experience a Pounding Chest? Don’t Ignore It! Know the Causes and How to Manage It
A pounding chest is the sensation of the heart beating faster, harder, or irregularly. It can be caused by stress, anxiety, physical activity…
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Swollen Legs? Watch Out for Heart Disease! Here’s What to Do
Swollen legs, or edema, is a buildup of fluid in the tissues of the legs. It can be caused by standing or sitting too long, hormonal changes, injury…
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Frequent Nausea and Vomiting? Don’t Ignore It! Know the Causes and How to Manage Them
Nausea is an uncomfortable feeling in the stomach with an urge to vomit, while vomiting is the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth…
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Frequent Cold Sweats? Don’t Ignore Them! Know the Causes and How to Manage Them
A cold sweat is sweat that appears suddenly and is not caused by heat or exercise. Triggers can include stress, anxiety, severe pain, infection, low…
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Do You Often Feel Short of Breath? Don’t Ignore It! Know the Causes and How to Manage It
Shortness of breath, or dyspnea, is a feeling of difficulty or discomfort when breathing. Its causes can include heart problems such as heart…
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Left-Sided Chest Pain? Here Are the Causes and How to Manage It!
Left-sided chest pain can be caused by heart problems such as angina and heart attack, but also by acid reflux, muscle strain, injury, or anxiety…
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Is a Fast Heartbeat Really Dangerous? Here’s the Explanation!
A fast heartbeat is not always dangerous. It is normal for the heart to beat faster during exercise, stress, or fever, or after drinking caffeine. A…
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Coronary Angioplasty: A Closer Look at Heart Stent Placement
Coronary angioplasty, commonly known to the public as getting a heart stent or heart ring, is a procedure to open a coronary artery that has been…
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Understanding Thyroid Disease and Its Impact on Your Heart Health
Thyroid disease is a disorder of the thyroid gland, such as hypothyroidism (too little hormone), hyperthyroidism (too much hormone), and thyroid…
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Watch Out for Aortic Aneurysm! Know the Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
An aortic aneurysm is a widening or bulging of the aortic wall caused by a weakened wall, most often in the chest (thoracic) or abdomen (abdominal)…
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Understanding Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries stays above the normal limit, generally 130/80 mmHg…
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Heart Bypass Surgery for Coronary Heart Disease: What You Need to Know
Heart bypass surgery (CABG) is an operation to create a new route for blood flow around narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, using blood vessels…
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Irregular Heartbeat? Recognize Arrhythmia Before It’s Too Late!
Arrhythmia is a heart rhythm disorder, a condition in which the heart beats too fast, too slowly, or irregularly. Its types include tachycardia…
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Heart Failure: A Hidden Threat You Need to Recognize and Watch Out For
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump blood to meet the body's needs; it does not mean the heart has stopped working. Its main…
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Coronary Heart Disease: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment at Heartology
Coronary heart disease is a condition in which the coronary arteries that supply oxygen to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked due to plaque…
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A Closer Look at Congenital Heart Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Congenital heart disease is an abnormality in the structure or function of the heart that is present from birth, such as ASD, VSD, PDA, and Tetralogy…
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Side Effects of Heart Stent Placement You Should Know About
Side effects that may occur after heart stent placement include infection, bleeding, blood clots, transient ischemic attack or stroke, heart rhythm…
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Watch Out for Heart Attacks: Causes, Risk Factors, Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment
A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked, usually because an atherosclerotic plaque…
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The Difference Between Masuk Angin, Angin Duduk, and a Heart Attack
Masuk angin, a common Indonesian term, is not a medical term and usually describes complaints such as bloating, belching, and body aches, which…
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Prevent Premature Death: Learn the Causes and Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease Now
Cardiovascular disease is a disorder of the heart and blood vessels. Symptoms to watch out for include chest pain, shortness of breath, leg swelling…
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Hole in the Heart in Babies: Causes, Symptoms, and Medical Treatment
A hole in the heart in babies (jantung bocor in Indonesian) is a lay term for congenital heart disease involving a hole in the heart's dividing wall…
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More Than a Spice: The Potential Benefits of Turmeric for Heart Health
Turmeric contains curcumin, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Several studies have linked curcumin to potential benefits for…
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